Zero-emission buildings (ZEB): Starting in 2028 (for public buildings) and 2030 (for all new buildings), the standard will shift from "nearly zero-energy" to "zero-emission buildings." This places extremely high demands on the quality of insulation.
End of fossil fuel subsidies: Starting in 2025, subsidies for standalone gas boilers will be prohibited. Government funds (e.g., from the Recovery Plan) will be directed exclusively toward building insulation and heat pumps.
Renovation boom: Governments must ensure that the least energy-efficient buildings are insulated as a priority. This opens up the market for massive supplies of insulation.